Corine Cannon oral history, 2019.

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    All right Miss Corine just say your name. Corine L. Cannon
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    My name's David Staniunas. I'm records archivist at the Presbyterian Historical Society.
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    Today's June 27 2019 and I'm with Corine Cannon.
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    Corine, it's a pleasure to be here. Thank you.
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    Would you begin by just telling us.
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    A little bit about your early life where you were born your parents and family.
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    I was born in North Carolina near Huntersville near
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    North Carolina that's near Charlotte North Carolina.
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    And I'm the daughter of Emmanuel C.
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    Lytle and Rosie White Lytle
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    And your father and your
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    father and mother what was your father's profession.
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    He was a farmer an entrpreneur
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    and this was.
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    This was nearby Kannapolis.
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    It was near
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    Huntersville near Charlotte.
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    At that time Kannapolis was very young just being organized a young town was
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    in fact a young community at that time.
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    But my father was a farmer.
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    He had about one hundred ninety six
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    acres of land in Mecklenburg and
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    Cabarrus counties. And it was a lot of work.
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    I had a lot of relatives in that town, of
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    our tree. We weren't Presbyterian at that time, my mother was
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    originally from the Cedar Grove Presbyterian Church in Cabarrus Count, but
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    my father was a
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    AME Zion. He was very active in the AME Zion church and so we were brought up my siblings
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    and I were brought up in two denominations.
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    How does that work.
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    It works well. Because once you're Presbyterian no matter where you go.
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    You'll always have that Presbyterian-ism.
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    And I hate to say "-ism" but it is is a part of
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    you. And we had a large community
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    at that time we called it the Lytle Grove community. The L in my name stands for Lytle, L Y T L E. And
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    we had our school in our community which was Lytle grove school.
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    I can remember when the Rosenwald School there was a
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    high school that was in the south.
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    The. Afro-American children put out.
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    Roseenwald. I don't remember the initials but.
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    I've forgotten what Mr. wrote the nation.
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    It. Rosewald.
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    I went to high school in the Cabarrus county in
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    Concord North Carolina.
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    Concord, Okay.
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    Logan high school.
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    At that time it was a young high school because that was something new for the
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    Southerners.
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    A lot of the communities didn't have high school.
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    Yes.
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    It was one in Logan it was a grade school.
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    Yes.
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    After high school.
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    What were your future plans like.
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    I planned to maybe go into college and get a doctorate degree and
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    all this but other plans came up. I got married and I had a very good husband
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    and a good marriage.
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    I raised family. My family and quite a few other people's children
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    I worked with children for many years.
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    What was your husband's name.
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    Esau, E-S-A-U.
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    Cannon, C-A-N-N-O-N.
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    Yes.
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    He was an identical twin, he had a twin brother named Jacob Cannon, Esau and Jacob.
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    They were named Jacob and Esau.
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    Mm-hmm
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    That's a heavy handle on if you're an identical twin named Esau.
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    Yeah. Just carrying the name. If you read the stories it makes you remember them.
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    Yeah.
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    Did that affect. His personality or demeanor.
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    You think.
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    Carrying that weight.
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    Yeah.
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    Well, it wasn't too heavy but everybody knew the Cannon twins. Yeah I did.
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    Yeah.
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    Jacob and Esau. What was what was Esau's profession.
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    He worked in textiles, at the Cannon Mills.
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    So now we're at the Cannon Mills.
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    We're back to Cannon Mills.
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    So you were married and you and Esau moved to Kannapolis.
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    Yes.
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    You said you raised.
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    Your own family and many other family members.
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    Many other children. I worked with the.
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    Kindergarten department in the churches.
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    At that time a lot of parents had to go to work they'd bring their kids, children by my
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    house. I used the church which is next door
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    to me. As a kindergarten.
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    Quite a few kids That went through my hands.
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    And. The.
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    Church that you were a member of.
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    Covenant Presbyterian Kannapolis.
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    And just so I know.
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    What decade we're in at this point.
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    When you when did you and Esau move to Kannapolis.
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    We got married. November 19, 1938.
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    We moved to Kannapolis on November 20th 1938.
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    Early that morning by eleven o'clock.
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    What was that moving day like.
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    Well taking my suitcase out of the car.
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    Putting it in the car.
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    Yeah. You were traveling light.
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    Traveling light. We were building a house, we had one room completed so we didn't go in
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    the other completion and on that same.
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    could continue. It may have been.
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    I lived there 18 months and moved across the street district
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    where there was there was left of his home house.
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    They Cannon home house. I moved across the street.
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    I've been there ever since I've been in that same house.
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    The house was completed in May 1940.
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    The Cannon mills.
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    The 30s and 40s.
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    Correct me if I'm wrong but my impression of the period is that during that time a lot
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    of the mills from the north.
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    In. Massachusetts in particular were kind of transferring
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    operations to the south.
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    To.
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    To avoid using union labor in the north and to
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    exploit the kind of underpaid wage level of
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    Black labor in the south.
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    What was life like for Esau in the Cannon Mills.
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    We didn't have the union a union.
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    The Cannon Mill property was owned by private people at that time.
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    Mostly by the Cannon family and the
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    Dayvaults and other people because it wasn't until about 30 years ago to
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    him but before we ever had a city,
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    it was always just a community. Cannon Mills was at one time one of the largest textile companies
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    in the nation.
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    During this time. And there were.
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    Thousands of people working in three shifts and.
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    The chances for African Americans at that time weren't very good.
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    Because they had to take menial work, that wasn't productive.
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    In fact I was the first African American woman to ever work in a productive job
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    in Cannon Mills.
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    I was going to ask. We have an oral history taken with
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    Katie Cannon from the 80s where she lifts you
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    up as.
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    She tells a little bit about your story as.
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    One of the first African-American women.
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    I was the first.
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    You were the very first. And you worked what was your job.
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    Well I work in the spinning department and unless you know what I'm talking
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    about but I ran the machine or a machine to
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    it.
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    To get the yarn ready to spin that made the material for the sheets and the linens that
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    were being made at that time.
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    How long did you work there.
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    Well in fact I was late getting there.
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    Because of the way the situation was you know.
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    And I worked I had all of my children were here
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    and
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    I started working in 1963. And I worked and I had my mother with me
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    and my children. I just I didn't make quite 15
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    years right at 15 years I worked .
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    Regular. But I never did.
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    I never did it really quit.
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    I just told them I'd be back when the situation.
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    When my mother passed and then before I got back but other things.
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    They were all getting in school. Everyone got into college. I'm
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    getting a minimum wage increase.
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    I got it right when I got the last one in a car
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    for college.
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    Yeah. Tell me.
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    I don't know the birth order ages of your children.
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    Can you run it down real quick.
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    What's the name of your oldest child.
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    The oldest child is James. Ernest.
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    Cannon, he is the granddaddy of Nicholas Scott. Nick.
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    He's the grandfather.
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    He has quite a few others, grands.
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    One of his youngest grandsons graduated this past May from Howard University.
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    Javen Carter Cannon
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    Congratulations are in order.
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    Who's next after James.
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    Esau Levon. L-E-V-O-N
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    Thank you. Who's next after.
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    Sarah Elizabeth.
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    Cannon Fleming.
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    Who's next after her
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    Doris Corine Cannon Love
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    And so Katie Geneva is fifth.
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    Oh I forgot Katie!
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    Oh. That's OK.
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    After Sarah was Katie Geneva Cannon.
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    OK she's fourth.
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    Yeah, and then Doris.
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    And. They met and a foster daughter.
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    Sylvia Moon Wynn
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    W-Y-N-N. And John
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    Wesley John Wesley.
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    John Wesley is another foster child?
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    No that's my child.
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    Oh goodness gracious.
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    Yes. And then.
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    Jerry Lytle.
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    Is that. Yeah.
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    There is certainly a special place in heaven for mothers
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    and mothers of seven children.
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    Have some special room there.
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    What was it. What was it like.
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    How far apart was the spread between James and Jerry.
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    Eight years ten years twelve years to that.
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    Twenty five years.
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    Jerry was born, when James was already married.
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    Goodness gracious.
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    After high school dear James Ernest went
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    into service, military service. He married while he was in
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    the service.
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    So Katie grew up right in the middle of this big
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    She used that for an excuse.
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    Excuse for what.
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    Well you know anytime, It's not my fault I was in the
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    middle I didn't get as much time. She said she didn't get as much time as
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    everybody else. She told that in school.
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    What else did she say.
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    I didn't know that she wasn't getting the time she was supposed to.
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    But she did use it.
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    She said that Katie.
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    That Sarah and Doris got more attention.
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    We have a very happy fan.
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    This is my, that's Miss Winn over there.
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    What was school like for the Cannon children.
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    Well I think it was very good for them
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    They all went to. That was my husband's main reason and purpose for living was to educate
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    those children.
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    To see that they got an education. Because he was not that blessed.
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    His parents were sharecroppers.
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    And if you I know you read about how hard it was for a lot of the sharecroppers.
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    I was blessed to be in just a little better circumstances
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    than. My family was because they were landowners
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    and I like I say entreprenurs working from the age 7
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    something.
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    We were brought up being salesepersons.
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    For about 50 years I was referred to as the
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    famous Avon lady in both counties. I sold quite a bit of Avon.
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    Katie Geneva went to the public school?
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    She went to public schools.
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    George Washington Carver High School in Kannapolis.
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    And after that she went to Barber-Scotia. And after that she went to ITC.
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    She was blessed, she got scholarships, she went cum laude, she was
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    a straight-A student.
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    And from that she went to Union in New York got her doctor's degree there.
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    When.
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    When she went off to Barbara Scotia What was that like for you.
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    Well I looked forward to it my great my grandparents my grandmother.
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    Her great grandparents were one of the first graduates.
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    It was Scotia seminary at that time.
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    Yeah.
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    And so it was like a landmark for us.
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    In fact it was just about 12-15 miles from our house so they were
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    expected to go there because it was.
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    With that many children and their ages being so close together.
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    Kate was born in 1950. Doris was born in 1951,
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    Sara was born in 1948.
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    So that was three right together. But Miss Winn, Sylvia, went to Spelman.
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    That's what brought her to Atlanta.
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    They all graduated from Carver.
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    So you were close enough when Katie was at Barbara Scotia to stay in
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    touch a little bit. Or was it one of those things where you get a little bit away from
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    your parents just in order to get freedom.
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    I saw them about every week. If they weren't there they were home
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    with me. Can boxes of food.
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    Pies and cakes and things.
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    And so Katie was there.
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    I guess between 68 and 72.
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    Yeah. Sara graduated 70, Katie was next
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    There is. There was a.
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    Recording I think done in 2008.
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    Where the church interviewed Katie about the experience
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    of being a college student at Barber Scotia on the
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    4th of April 1968 when Martin Luther King was assassinated.
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    Did you and she talk about that experience.
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    You know I mean she would have been a college freshman and.
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    Yes she enjoyed being at Barber Scotia.
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    She was Miss Barber Scotia for one year.
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    She did a lot of different things.
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    She talks about having a kind of.
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    Political awakening.
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    She was there during the time of.
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    That Martin Luther King's.
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    Movement. Yeah.
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    With a lot of changes going on.
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    Was there other kind of political or cultural ferment
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    Kannapolis at the time.
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    Oh yes.
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    Tell me more.
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    Everything was segregated for us and naturally
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    there'd be policitcal problems. There was a lot of tension in the school
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    I'm I'm also from the south by my high school did
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    not integrate until 68 so 14 years after Brown v.
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    Board.
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    My mother's high school didn't integrate until 1970.
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    Well. That kept us through a lot
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    of things they were not exposed to.
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    The African American children.
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    Tell me more.
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    Well, it was separate and very unequal. I think that's what we said instead of separate and equal. Very unequal.
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    No comparison to a lot of white places.
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    Kannapolis itself is an
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    almost entirely Black community?
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    Well yes and see all of the schools all the churches all of the properties.
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    All the properties were owned by the Cannons. But
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    it was Since we did not have a union.
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    I'm going to try to make it plain for you to see.
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    The parental care was there and it wasn't like you may be
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    thinking it is different when I say parental.
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    The schools there were times
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    during before integration. The school system
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    of Cabarrus County and Kannapolis city schools.
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    Have never been together. See Kannapolis is in Cabarrus County.
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    But there's a Cabarrus County school system.
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    And then. But.
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    J.W.
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    Cannon was the older Cannon. Charles Cannon was really the one
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    that was in charge of the churches and the schools
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    there. And anytime that money was needed rather than having you with
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    ever the Union, at one time Charles Cannon paid the teachers' salary. So
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    all the schools and all the churches the mainline churches were on Cannon property.
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    At one time.
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    So Charles Cannon's philanthropy for the schools and churches
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    is in lieu of paying union wages?
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    Not in lieu of where you got your wages but they were minimum.
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    Livable but minimum.
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    And the other needs.
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    You could always depend on the Cannons.
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    This. Is probably gonna sound like.
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    He died in.
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    April, I can't think of the year But when he died the Cannon
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    Foundation supported
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    all churches but particularly the Presbyterian church.
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    And that persists today.
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    Yeah it persists today one of the.
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    His grandson Robert Hayes Jr.
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    is in charge of the Cannon Foundation.
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    I suppose I'd like to circle back to Covenant Presbyterian Church in Kannapolis.
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    Covenant Presbyterian Church is 60
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    years old I believe this October.
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    When you would take the family to church what was that experience like.
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    I live next door to the church. And
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    there were woods in this area.
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    This church was built by the Presbyterian
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    Church, Southern Presbyterian Church of Concord.
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    There was a couple elders that built this church in this community.
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    From the First Presbyterian Church in
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    Kannapolis. Bob. R. M. Efrid, E-F-R-I-E-D was in charge.
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    And so it was a it was a mission church of the PCUS.
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    Yes.
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    And it was organized.
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    Around 60 years ago. And my husband had to clear the lot off to build the church. We built it. Even
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    in a communities. The community where it is is called Fisher Town.
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    A community from Kannapolis.
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    We're not incorporated yet.
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    Fisher Town.
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    Fisher Town.
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    Fisher Town community.
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    I live in Fishtown in Philadelphia.
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    Very industrious little place
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    And so so you. Your family was members of a new church.
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    Effectively a new church development in the 50s
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    Very prosperous and growing because it was a growing community Covenant
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    United Presbyterian, we were United had to we get out.
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    We left the Southern presbytery.
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    We were organized by Catawba Presbytery
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    So you left the South during Catawba Presbyterian
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    one of the All Black govenrning bodies
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    That was one of the larger presbyteries in the eastern part of North Carolina
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    Katie was ordained in Catawba Presbytery is that right. Do I
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    have that correct.
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    She was the first African American female.
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    And the last person that was ever ordained in Catawba Presbytery was Jerry and
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    we made history all along.
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    You know the advertisement says the first to go to college and the first to drop out.
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    When was Jerry ordained in Catawba.
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    What year was it.
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    That's changes
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    or rupture.
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    When was there no more Northern or Southern churches. No.
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    It's 1983 was reunion.
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    (sotto voce) I'm 99 years old I can't remember
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    So
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    the Cannon family has had an imprint on the life of the presbytery
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    of that one all Black governing body.
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    And Jerry's already been a moderator of Charlotte Presbytery.
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    And he is on quite a few other committees.
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    In fact I worked with Presbytery too.
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    I've been to General Assembly about 8 times.
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    Oh what was your first General Assembly.
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    My first General Assembly that I attended was in 1961
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    [1969] at San Antonio, Texas.
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    What were the major issues that first General Assembly.
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    The same as today. We had racial
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    issues. We had sexual issues.
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    We have some of the issues that we study and worry about now in the church are the same ones that
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    we have always had.
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    A lack of money in places and
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    the budget and those were the kinds of issues that we had then are still here.
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    Do you think that the way the church.
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    Addresses. Those issues has changed in 50 years.
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    Are we doing any better.
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    Are circling around.
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    [silently declines]
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    Have you seen the General Assembly address those issues differently
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    1961 compared to like 1981 to 2009.
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    Yes I do. I see they address it differently.
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    But I would say I really don't know. I can't speak to that person.
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    I don't see much change in what we do. We
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    losing. Really. But I've been here a long time.
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    That we were losing members. But I know now we are losing a lot of our members.
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    So you've been to four general assemblies.
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    I've been to eight.
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    I'm sorry eight.
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    I've worked on different levels.
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    Committees.
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    You know the Board of National Missions at 475 Riverside Drive, I sat on that committee. Attended all the meetings we had over there.
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    OK so you were on the governing committee of the Board of National Missions. And
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    you said you've been a commissioner as well.
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    Yes I've been a commissioner about three or four times.
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    Yeah. What was the most interesting committee you were on.
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    Cesar Chavez, you know the farmer.
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    Cesar Chavez.
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    Yeah yeah. I was on that committee, I met with those people.
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    That was it. It was in.
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    Without a those in San Antonio.
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    Maybe 71.
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    I'm looking for it.
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    Let's see
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    San Antonio was 1969.
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    And there was a where urging that I would go.
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    I was a commissioner in Chicago. And I was in Baltimore.
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    And I went to Atlanta for one. I think that's the only place I would do that one.
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    I came to Atlanta when the Southern and Northern were going together
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    You were at reunion.
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    I was at reunion.
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    So you met with Cesar Chavez in 1970 in Chicago.
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    Yeah. Yes I believe that's right.
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    Yeah. I have my notes and diaries.
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    That would be great. We would we're very committed to.
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    Helping preserve. The story of your family.
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    And if you have.
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    Notes and personal papers available.
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    I would love to bring them in to make them accessible.
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    If that's just a blanket offer.
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    To.
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    Do you remember anything about the committee's work with Cesar Chavez and the United
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    Farm Workers.
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    It was the standard assent we give in all our committees. I don't know really.
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    If there was change from our committee. I mean personally I'm talking personally.
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    There might have been other things that I didn't know about.
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    But I know we always had those issues.
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    The farm workers you know everybody was being
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    oppressed. That time. It was being brought up at the General Assembly.
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    But was there a difference made I can't say how I wouldn't dare say.
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    That.
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    I keep talking about the 1970 journals because
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    we have.
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    We have motion picture footage of the 1970 assembly.
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    And there were very extensive interviews done with youth delegates.
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    Yeah, YADs I believe we called them
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    Yeah yeah yeah. And so the church was very much interested in
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    kind of addressing the concerns of the youth of the day.
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    And. So it's it's kind of a focus for us especially since we're coming up on
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    50 years since.
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    2020.
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    Baltimore. Like you say we're going to be dealing with many of the same issues the church
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    was facing back in 1970.
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    Hearing that the church was attempting
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    to bear witness to the struggles of farm workers in 1970.
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    It. Seems to have historic resonance today.
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    Folks migrating north and being detained in.
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    Concentration camps. Children.
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    You've been involved in the church and many levels.
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    You've been a commissioner in the General Assembly.
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    How long have you been involved with the National Black Presbyterian Caucus.
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    The first time I heard I guess over 61.
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    Usually you know when we had General Assembly you know it was always a day or so we would
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    have a meeting.
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    Jerry was in Philadelphia I believe.
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    What year was that.
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    The last time it was in Philadelphia.
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    I know of.
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    It mighta been 1989.
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    That sounds right We all went up to Philadelphia. That's when Jerry Cannon was at presbytery
  • speaker
    So. You've been involved with the Black Caucus since 1989.
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    Yeah I've been to a lot of the meetings since that time
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    What brought you into the caucus.
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    What does that do for you.
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    The same thing I said. If it is good, I don't mind being involved in it.
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    That can just say what brought me into it but I've been in the Presbyterian church active
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    since 1940.
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    Yeah yeah.
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    So it's not a matter of choosing You've been chosen.
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    It's just me being asked to serve on committees.
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    Never did know how to say no.
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    And
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    we used to during the Presbyterian women United Presbyterian Women
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    used to help a lot with the publication and not the publication of it.
  • speaker
    But the distribution in selling it subscriptions for
  • speaker
    Concern and Horizons all our different books.
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    And the national meeting at Purdue at one time I went to Purdue every year I
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    haven't been to the national meeting since 1988.
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    The other day from the first meeting we had was
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    at Maryville Tennessee and.
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    I didn't go then for about eight or ten years every year after that when we started
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    in every year and then every two years like that I used to always try to get to the
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    meetings.
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    Get other people encourage other people to go and read our.
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    Presbyterian Women's magazine.
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    I still do.
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    Do you have any thoughts about the transition from Catawba
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    Presbytery as an all black governing body into
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    the post 1983.
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    Having just geographic presbyteries and fully integrated presbyteries
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    Well that's what you call progress you don't stop progress then there's
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    the next level. You miss a lot that you leave behind.
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    You don't want to miss your present blessings because you're holding on to the past
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    I had the same question about their councils for a lot of different people of
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    varying opinions.
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    You get You miss a whole lot of the good things that's coming to you in the future by
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    holding on. This too shall pass. Enjoy
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    it while it's passing and go on to the next level. It's not gonna be the same.
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    You don't always have the same people.
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    Now that we've entered the realm of.
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    Philosophy.
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    Of do you have any special pieces of advice for.
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    The youth of Black Caucus for the youth of the Presbyterian Church.
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    That's a deep subject. I think it is a great need.
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    I think there's a whole lot. I really feel like and I shouldn't say it because I'm not
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    there. I mean I'm just speaking my personal opinions about these things because there's
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    things going on I don't really know about.
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    But seemingly the training that I got in
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    that my children got as Presbyterians.
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    I don't see that same training.
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    Being. Now.
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    Well people always used to send their children to church camps.
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    Ghost Ranch. I don't hear of anybody going to Ghost Ranch.
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    What was the place in New York, we always at my church we always sent.
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    Did you send people to Stony Point?
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    Stony Point, yes my son in law would fill up his van and take the crowd for a week.
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    Well we go to New York with kids with
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    children under 18.
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    We started to get children in the church who wanted to come to Sunday school every Sunday.
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    The ones who were in the youth choir They either went to Stony Point Ghost Ranch.
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    What someplace said they were running the people too.
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    I remember one year they had so many who wanted to go would go in and the restriction was
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    that couldn't go. I think they had to be a senior in high school.
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    Something like that.
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    And I had children who had tears in their eyes wanted to go who worked in [Spelman] and
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    gotten the money and I got a notice from the lady that was running the place at
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    Stony Point if I sent them and they weren't qualified then
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    I sent them anyway.
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    And I got complimented for sending them they
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    said they were well-behaved. Smart. And they are still in the Presbyterian Church.
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    So the experience of going to a camp as a youth was formative.
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    So whatever whatever you know we had the youth conferences.
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    That still might be happening. But I don't see the people in my area around getting
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    training too much. Like I say just about that interest.
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    Yeah that training is there is always.
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    I call it "ism". But it's always there.
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    The Ism is always with you.
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    Oh yeah. You do somethings that.
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    If you're born with it and it's the right thing you can always always it'll always be
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    there
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    That sounds like a good place to end for now.
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    Thank you for your time Corine.
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    I hope this is.
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    Not the last time you get to speak with us.
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    I did.
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    I like a good conversation.
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    OK.
  • speaker
    Thank you.

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