Civil rights, protests, and social reformers

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History of Presbyterian and ecumenical involvement in civil rights movements, protests, and social justice issues, as well as individual social reformers and activists. Featured image: Presbyterian peacemaking rally to freeze nuclear weapons, 1985.

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Title:
Malcolm X in conversation with Presbyterian executives, 1964, reel 1.
Description:
Recorded in the Board Room of the Board of National Missions, Interchurch Center, New York, NY in 1964. Conversations between Malcolm X and executives from various Presbyterian agencies and boards. Executives present include: Dr. Archie R. Crouch, Rev. Bryant George, Dr. Kenneth Neigh, Dr. David Ramage, Dr. Harry Stearns, Rev. Matthew H. Thies, Dr. Gayraud S. Willmore, Jr. Others present have not been identified.
Creator:
X, Malcolm, 1925-1965. (speaker), United Presbyterian Church in the U.S.A. Board of National Missions. (producer)
Subject names:
Crouch, Archie R., 1909-1999., George, Bryant, 1927-2007., Neigh, Kenneth Glenn, 1908-1996., Ramage, David., Stearns, Harry L., 1900-1985., Thies, Matthew Henry, 1923-1985., Wilmore, Gayraud S., 1921-2020., X, Malcolm, 1925-1965.
Topics:
African American leadership., African American clergy--Political activity., African Americans--Civil rights., Church and social problems--United States., Civil rights--Religious aspects--Christianity., Civil rights--Religious aspects--Islam.
URL:
https://digital.history.pcusa.org/islandora/object/islandora:346909
Title:
Malcolm X in conversation with Presbyterian executives, 1964, reel 4.
Description:
Recorded in the Board Room of the Board of National Missions, Interchurch Center, New York, NY in 1964. Conversations between Malcolm X and executives from various Presbyterian agencies and boards. Executives present include: Dr. Archie R. Crouch, Rev. Bryant George, Dr. Kenneth Neigh, Dr. David Ramage, Dr. Harry Stearns, Rev. Matthew H. Thies, Dr. Gayraud S. Willmore, Jr. Others present have not been identified.
Creator:
X, Malcolm, 1925-1965. (speaker), United Presbyterian Church in the U.S.A. Board of National Missions. (producer)
Subject names:
Crouch, Archie R., 1909-1999., George, Bryant, 1927-2007., Neigh, Kenneth Glenn, 1908-1996., Ramage, David., Stearns, Harry L., 1900-1985., Thies, Matthew Henry, 1923-1985., Wilmore, Gayraud S., 1921-2020., X, Malcolm, 1925-1965.
Topics:
African American leadership., African American clergy--Political activity., African Americans--Civil rights., Church and social problems--United States., Civil rights--Religious aspects--Christianity., Civil rights--Religious aspects--Islam.
URL:
https://digital.history.pcusa.org/islandora/object/islandora:346908
Title:
Malcolm X in conversation with Presbyterian executives, 1964, reel 3.
Description:
Recorded in the Board Room of the Board of National Missions, Interchurch Center, New York, NY in 1964. Conversations between Malcolm X and executives from various Presbyterian agencies and boards. Executives present include: Dr. Archie R. Crouch, Rev. Bryant George, Dr. Kenneth Neigh, Dr. David Ramage, Dr. Harry Stearns, Rev. Matthew H. Thies, Dr. Gayraud S. Willmore, Jr. Others present have not been identified.
Creator:
X, Malcolm, 1925-1965. (speaker), United Presbyterian Church in the U.S.A. Board of National Missions. (producer)
Subject names:
Crouch, Archie R., 1909-1999., George, Bryant, 1927-2007., Neigh, Kenneth Glenn, 1908-1996., Ramage, David., Stearns, Harry L., 1900-1985., Thies, Matthew Henry, 1923-1985., Wilmore, Gayraud S., 1921-2020., X, Malcolm, 1925-1965.
Topics:
African American leadership., African American clergy--Political activity., African Americans--Civil rights., Church and social problems--United States., Civil rights--Religious aspects--Christianity., Civil rights--Religious aspects-- Islam.
URL:
https://digital.history.pcusa.org/islandora/object/islandora:346907
Title:
Interview of Dean H. Lewis by R. Douglas Brackenridge, Tape 3, Side 1.
Description:
Cassette tape 3, side 1 of an interview recorded in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania from March 11 to 12, 1988. Dean Lewis discusses social pronouncements of the General Assembly and Presbyterians' history of supporting education. Part of a 5 cassette tape set.
Creator:
Lewis, Dean, 1926-2021. (interviewee), Brackenridge, R. Douglas. (interviewer)
Subject names:
Presbyterian Church (U.S.A.). General Assembly., United Presbyterian Church in the U.S.A. General Assembly.
Topics:
Church and the world., Social policy., Church polity.
URL:
https://digital.history.pcusa.org/islandora/object/islandora:345268
Title:
Interview of Dean H. Lewis by R. Douglas Brackenridge, Tape 2, Side 2.
Description:
Cassette tape 2, side 2 of an interview recorded in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania from March 11 to 12, 1988. Dean Lewis discusses the work of the Advisory Council on Church and Society, including the creation of task forces. Lewis also discusses commissioners' resolutions at general assemblies, the General Assembly Mission Council, and other aspects of church polity. Part of a 5 cassette tape set.
Creator:
Lewis, Dean, 1926-2021. (interviewee), Brackenridge, R. Douglas. (interviewer)
Subject names:
United Presbyterian Church in the U.S.A. Advisory Council on Church and Society., Presbyterian Church (U.S.A.). Advisory Council on Church and Society., United Presbyterian Church in the U.S.A. Board of Christian Education. Department of Church and Society., Presbyterian Church (U.S.A.). General Assembly Mission Council.
Topics:
Church and the world., Social policy., Church polity.
URL:
https://digital.history.pcusa.org/islandora/object/islandora:345267
Title:
Interview of Dean H. Lewis by R. Douglas Brackenridge, Tape 2, Side 1.
Description:
Cassette tape 2, side 1 of an interview recorded in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania from March 11 to 12, 1988. Dean Lewis discusses the functions of the Advisory Council on Church and Society and the processes of establishing task forces. Part of a 5 cassette tape set.
Creator:
Lewis, Dean, 1926-2021. (interviewee), Brackenridge, R. Douglas. (interviewer)
Subject names:
United Presbyterian Church in the U.S.A. Advisory Council on Church and Society., Presbyterian Church (U.S.A.). Advisory Council on Church and Society., United Presbyterian Church in the U.S.A. Task Force to Study Homosexuality.
Topics:
Church and the world., Social policy., Church polity.
URL:
https://digital.history.pcusa.org/islandora/object/islandora:344680
Title:
Interview of Dean H. Lewis by R. Douglas Brackenridge, Tape 1, Side 1.
Description:
Cassette tape 1, side 1 of an interview recorded in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania from March 11 to 12, 1988. Dean Lewis discusses his upbringing as a Southern Baptist in Missouri, his attendance of Yale Divinity School, his time as a pastor in Springdale, Arkansas, and his career leading up to his time in the Office of Church and Society. Part of a 5 cassette tape set.
Creator:
Lewis, Dean, 1926-2021. (interviewee), Brackenridge, R. Douglas. (interviewer)
Subject names:
Lewis, Dean, 1926-2021., Yale University. Divinity School., William Jewell College., Niebuhr, H. Richard (Helmut Richard), 1894-1962., First Presbyterian Church (Springdale, Ark.)
Topics:
Church and the world., Social policy., Church polity.
URL:
https://digital.history.pcusa.org/islandora/object/islandora:344362
Title:
Interview of Dean H. Lewis by R. Douglas Brackenridge, Tape 1, Side 2.
Description:
Cassette tape 1, side 2 of an interview recorded in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania from March 11 to 12, 1988. Dean Lewis discusses the history of the Department of Social Education and Action (SEA), the Department of Social Education and Evangelism, and the Office of Church and Society and the work of the Office of Church and Society throughout the 1970s and 1980s. Part of a 5 cassette tape set.
Creator:
Lewis, Dean, 1926-2021. (interviewee), Brackenridge, R. Douglas. (interviewer)
Subject names:
Lewis, Dean, 1926-2021., Presbyterian Church in the U.S.A. Board of Christian Education. Department of Social Education and Action., United Presbyterian Church in the U.S.A. Board of Christian Education. Department of Social Education and Action., United Presbyterian Church in the U.S.A. Board of Christian Education. Office of Church and Society., United Presbyterian Church in the U.S.A. Board of Christian Education. Department of Church and Society., United Presbyterian Church in the U.S.A. Advisory Council on Church and Society., Presbyterian Church (U.S.A.). Advisory Council on Church and Society.
Topics:
Church and the world., Social policy., Church polity.
Geographic subjects:
South Africa.
URL:
https://digital.history.pcusa.org/islandora/object/islandora:344318
Title:
Edler Hawkins interviewed by Frank Heinze, 1964
Description:
Recorded June-July, 1964. Interview between Mr. Frank Heinze and Dr. Edler Hawkins concerning charges of pro-communist sympathy leveled against Dr. Hawkins by J. B. Matthews.
Creator:
Hawkins, Edler Garnett, 1908-1977 (interviewee), Heinze, Frank Henry, 1922-1990 (interviewer)
Subject names:
Matthews, J. B. (Joseph Brown), 1894-1966
Topics:
Communism and Christianity, African American Presbyterians, Civil rights--Religious aspects--20th century
URL:
https://digital.history.pcusa.org/islandora/object/islandora:344308
Title:
Babs Miller oral history, 2023.
Description:
Oral history with Babs Miller, parish associate at St. Andrew's Presbyterian Church (Austin, Tex.), on her career in ministry, including with Metropolitan Community Church (Austin, Tex.) during the AIDS crisis of the 1980s, and as an evangelist with That All May Freely Serve (TAMFS) in the 2000s. Babs Miller is a Presbyterian minister, ordained by Mission Presbytery in 2014. Born in Victoria, Texas in 1942, she attended the Presbyterian School for Christian Education (Richmond, Va.) in the 1960s, and worked as a Christian educator, a social worker, and a high school teacher in Texas. She went to Austin Theological Seminary from 1987 to 1990, came out as a lesbian, and began work with Metropolitan Community Church (Austin, Tex.). From about 2004 to 2012 she was an evangelist with That All May Freely Serve (TAMFS). She has served as parish associate at St. Andrew's Presbyterian Church (Austin, Tex.) since 2014, and continues advocacy for GLBTQ+ rights, in particular protection of trans youth and their families threatened by Texas state law codifying trans health therapies as child abuse. Starting in 2015, Miller was part of the group at St. Andrew's, as part of the Austin Sanctuary Network, declaring public sanctuary for migrants, and helped a mother and child, Hilda and Ivan, seek asylum.
Creator:
Miller, Babs Ann, 1942- (interviewee), Staniunas, David. (interviewer)
Subject names:
Metropolitan Community Church (Austin, Tex.), That All May Freely Serve (Association), St. Andrew's Presbyterian Church (Austin, Tex.)
Topics:
Ordination of lesbians--Presbyterians., Sanctuary movement., Homosexuality--Religious aspects--Presbyterians., Church work with immigrants.
URL:
https://digital.history.pcusa.org/islandora/object/islandora:344175
Title:
Women in Theology and Ministry Oral History Program oral history interview with Melva Costen.
Description:
Text transcribed from front of DVD: WTM Oral History Project - Melva Costen - October 1, 2008. Interview conducted at the Candler School of Theology, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia.
Creator:
Moore, Mary Elizabeth, 1945- (interviewer), Costen, Melva Wilson, 1933-2023. (interviewee)
Subject names:
Costen, Melva Wilson, 1933-2023., Costen, James Hutten, 1931-2003., Costen, Melva Wilson, 1933-2023--Archives., Costen, James Hutten, 1931-2003--Archives., Interdenominational Theological Center (Atlanta, Ga.)
Topics:
African American Presbyterians., African American leadership., African American Christian educators., Music--Religious aspects., Civil rights movements--United States.
URL:
https://digital.history.pcusa.org/islandora/object/islandora:300798
Title:
Robeson County, N.C. - Eddie Hatcher / Timothy Jacobs - National Public Radio (NPR)
Description:
News program segment by NPR's Donna Carter regarding Eddie Hatcher and Timothy Jacobs, two Native American civil rights activists who held hostages at the office of The Robesonian newspaper in Lumberton, North Carolina. Hatcher and Jacobs were protesting discrimination against minority communities, specifically Native Americans, in the criminal justice and court systems of Robeson County. Also covered is deputy sheriff Kevin Stone's killing of Jimmy Earl Cummings, a Lumbee Indian man.
Creator:
National Public Radio (U.S.) (creator), Carter, Donna. (reporter)
Subject names:
Hatcher, Eddie., Jacobs, Timothy., Cummings, Jimmy Earl.
Topics:
Discrimination in criminal justice administration--United States--20th century., Lumbee Indians--North Carolina--Robeson County., Police corruption--North Carolina--Robeson County.
URL:
https://digital.history.pcusa.org/islandora/object/islandora:286443
Title:
National Public Radio (NPR) - Blakely, Georgia, June 28, 1990.
Description:
News program by NPR's John Burnett regarding Blakely, Georgia's Concerned Black Citizens Committee's federal civil rights suit against the City of Blakely and the Blakely Fire Department. The suit alleges that Blakely fire chief Franklin Brown and two of his firefighters belong to the Invisible Empire of the Knights of the Ku Klux Klan.
Creator:
National Public Radio (U.S.) (creator), Burnett, John F. (reporter)
Subject names:
Center for Democratic Renewal., Ku Klux Klan (1915- ), Invisible Empire, Knights of the Ku Klux Klan (1975)
Topics:
Racism against Black people--United States., White supremacy movements--Georgia., Race discrimination--United States--20th century.
URL:
https://digital.history.pcusa.org/islandora/object/islandora:286345
Title:
Life and Death in Blakely, Georgia, 1991.
Description:
Movie produced by the Center for Democratic Renewal documenting the Ku Klux Klan's involvement in and influence on the City of Blakely Fire Department. Includes coverage of the deaths of Charles McCoy and Antavious Williams, two African American children, purportedly due to the fire department's negligence; an interview segment with Sara Ann McCoy, mother of Charles; a speech by Rev. Dr. Mac Charles Jones, vice chair of the Center for Democratic Renewal; interview segments with Ben Cawthon and Wilbur Robinson of Blakely's Concerned Black Citizens Committee; and a statement by David Griffin, former Blakely City Council member, asserting that Blakely fire chief Franklin Brown was a member of the Ku Klux Klan.
Creator:
Center for Democratic Renewal. (producer), Levitas, Daniel. (producer), Bailey, Louis. (film director), Ettinger, Bruce. (film editor)
Subject names:
Center for Democratic Renewal., Ku Klux Klan (1915- ), Invisible Empire, Knights of the Ku Klux Klan (1975)
Topics:
Racism against Black people--United States., White supremacy movements--Georgia., Racial discrimination--United States--20th century.
URL:
https://digital.history.pcusa.org/islandora/object/islandora:286343
Title:
Chris Paige oral history, 2019.
Description:
Chris Paige is a transgender activist who created Transfaith Online in 1999. Paige was ordained as an elder in the PC(USA) in 1971 and helped establish transgender groups in the United Church of Christ, the Fellowship of Affirming Ministries, and throughout Philadelphia.
Creator:
Paige, Chris. (interviewee), Wittrig, Elizabeth L. (interviewer)
Subject names:
More Light Presbyterians
Topics:
Gender identity--Religious aspects--Presbyterian Church., Christian transgender people., Transgender people.
URL:
https://digital.history.pcusa.org/islandora/object/islandora:153484
Title:
New directions in race relations, 1960s.
Description:
Gayraud Wilmore and Metz Rollins interviewed by Rabbi Solomon S. Bernards for an ADL radio forum, 1960s.
Creator:
Wilmore, Gayraud S. (interviewee), Rollins, J. Metz (Joseph Metz), 1926- (interviewee), Bernards, Solomon S., 1914-2004. (interviewer)
Topics:
Race relations--Religious aspects--Christianity., Civil rights--Religious aspects--Christianity.
URL:
https://digital.history.pcusa.org/islandora/object/islandora:133242
Title:
Gayraud Wilmore interviewed by J. Oscar McCloud, 1982.
Description:
Oral history recorded May 20, 1982 in Rochester, N.Y.
Creator:
Wilmore, Gayraud S. (interviewee), McCloud, J. Oscar (James Oscar), 1936- (interviewer)
Subject names:
United Presbyterian Church in the U.S.A. Commission on Religion and Race.
Topics:
African Americans--Civil rights., Segregation in education--United States., Race relations--Religious aspects--Christianity., African American clergy.
Geographic subjects:
United States--Race relations.
URL:
https://digital.history.pcusa.org/islandora/object/islandora:133228
Title:
Gayraud Wilmore interviewed by J. Oscar McCloud, 1982.
Description:
Oral history recorded May 20, 1982 in Rochester, N.Y.
Creator:
Wilmore, Gayraud S. (interviewee), McCloud, J. Oscar (James Oscar), 1936- (interviewer)
Subject names:
United Presbyterian Church in the U.S.A. Commission on Religion and Race., Davis, Angela Y. (Angela Yvonne), 1944-, Forman, James, 1928-2005., National Black Economic Development Conference (1969 : Detroit, Mich.), Southern Christian Leadership Conference., Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee (U.S.)
Topics:
African Americans--Civil rights., African American clergy, Segregation in education--United States., Race relations--Religious aspects--Christianity.
Geographic subjects:
United States--Race relations.
URL:
https://digital.history.pcusa.org/islandora/object/islandora:133227
Title:
Gayraud Wilmore interviewed by J. Oscar McCloud, 1981.
Description:
Oral history recorded December 23, 1981 in Newark, N.J.
Creator:
Wilmore, Gayraud S. (interviewee), McCloud, J. Oscar (James Oscar), 1936- (interviewer)
Subject names:
United Presbyterian Church in the U.S.A. Commission on Religion and Race., Student Christian Movement., Southern Christian Leadership Conference., Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee (U.S.).
Topics:
African Americans--Civil rights., Race relations--Religious aspects--Christianity., African American clergy., Segregation in education--United States.
Geographic subjects:
United States--Race relations.
URL:
https://digital.history.pcusa.org/islandora/object/islandora:133226
Title:
Gayraud Wilmore interviewed by J. Oscar McCloud, 1981.
Description:
Oral history recorded December 23, 1981 in Newark, N.J.
Creator:
Wilmore, Gayraud S. (interviewee), McCloud, J. Oscar (James Oscar), 1936- (interviewer)
Subject names:
United Presbyterian Church in the U.S.A. Commission on Religion and Race., Student Christian Movement., Southern Christian Leadership Conference., Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee (U.S.)
Topics:
African Americans--Civil rights., Segregation in education--United States., African American clergy., Race relations--Religious aspects--Christianity.
Geographic subjects:
United States--Race relations.
URL:
https://digital.history.pcusa.org/islandora/object/islandora:133225

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